Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Greater Sudbury / Grand Sudbury, City (CV)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	166,004	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	161,531	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	75,967	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	71,476	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	52.1	...	...	52.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	3,186.26	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	166,005	81,645	84,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	25,625	13,200	12,425	15.4	16.2	14.7
0 to 4 years	7,510	3,850	3,655	4.5	4.7	4.3
5 to 9 years	8,965	4,595	4,375	5.4	5.6	5.2
10 to 14 years	9,150	4,760	4,390	5.5	5.8	5.2
15 to 64 years	106,600	53,190	53,410	64.2	65.1	63.3
15 to 19 years	8,825	4,535	4,295	5.3	5.6	5.1
20 to 24 years	10,475	5,505	4,970	6.3	6.7	5.9
25 to 29 years	10,785	5,555	5,235	6.5	6.8	6.2
30 to 34 years	10,305	5,140	5,160	6.2	6.3	6.1
35 to 39 years	10,230	5,055	5,170	6.2	6.2	6.1
40 to 44 years	10,185	4,950	5,235	6.1	6.1	6.2
45 to 49 years	10,260	5,180	5,080	6.2	6.3	6.0
50 to 54 years	10,510	5,225	5,285	6.3	6.4	6.3
55 to 59 years	12,810	6,275	6,540	7.7	7.7	7.8
60 to 64 years	12,210	5,775	6,440	7.4	7.1	7.6
65 years and over	33,780	15,260	18,520	20.3	18.7	22.0
65 to 69 years	10,340	4,880	5,465	6.2	6.0	6.5
70 to 74 years	8,600	4,190	4,410	5.2	5.1	5.2
75 to 79 years	6,055	2,765	3,290	3.6	3.4	3.9
80 to 84 years	4,355	1,885	2,475	2.6	2.3	2.9
85 years and over	4,425	1,540	2,880	2.7	1.9	3.4
85 to 89 years	2,770	1,060	1,715	1.7	1.3	2.0
90 to 94 years	1,250	395	850	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	345	75	270	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	60	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.4	16.2	14.7	15.4	16.2	14.7
15 to 64 years	64.2	65.1	63.3	64.2	65.1	63.3
65 years and over	20.3	18.7	22.0	20.3	18.7	22.0
85 years and over	2.7	1.9	3.4	2.7	1.9	3.4
Average age of the population	42.9	41.7	44.0	42.9	41.7	44.0
Median age of the population	43.2	41.6	44.8	43.2	41.6	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	71,480	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	43,325	...	...	60.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,280	...	...	4.6	...	...
Row house	2,915	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	4,475	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	12,045	...	...	16.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,785	...	...	6.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	130	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	530	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	22,040	...	...	30.8	...	...
2 persons	25,990	...	...	36.4	...	...
3 persons	10,510	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	8,890	...	...	12.4	...	...
5 or more persons	4,050	...	...	5.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	163,030	80,410	82,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	140,375	68,445	71,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	79,070	39,415	39,660	56.3	57.6	55.1
Married	60,255	30,035	30,215	42.9	43.9	42.0
Living common-law	18,820	9,375	9,440	13.4	13.7	13.1
Living common law - Never married	13,375	6,690	6,685	9.5	9.8	9.3
Living common law - Separated	1,200	615	580	0.9	0.9	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	3,680	1,845	1,835	2.6	2.7	2.6
Living common law - Widowed	565	230	335	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	61,305	29,030	32,275	43.7	42.4	44.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	38,350	21,275	17,075	27.3	31.1	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,905	2,150	2,755	3.5	3.1	3.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,340	3,515	4,820	5.9	5.1	6.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,715	2,090	7,625	6.9	3.1	10.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	47,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	26,350	...	...	55.6	...	...
3 persons	9,875	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	8,165	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	2,960	...	...	6.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	47,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	38,805	...	...	81.9	...	...
Married couples	29,395	...	...	62.1	...	...
With children⁶	13,820	...	...	29.2	...	...
Without children	15,575	...	...	32.9	...	...
Common-law couples	9,410	...	...	19.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,905	...	...	8.2	...	...
Without children	5,500	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,555	...	...	18.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,480	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,070	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	163,030	80,410	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	130,705	64,750	65,950	80.2	80.5	79.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	77,605	38,705	38,900	47.6	48.1	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	8,550	2,075	6,480	5.2	2.6	7.8
Children⁶	44,550	23,975	20,575	27.3	29.8	24.9
In a two-parent family	31,505	16,885	14,625	19.3	21.0	17.7
In a one-parent family	13,045	7,090	5,950	8.0	8.8	7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	32,325	15,660	16,670	19.8	19.5	20.2
Living alone	22,040	10,155	11,885	13.5	12.6	14.4
Living with other relatives⁷	3,445	1,590	1,860	2.1	2.0	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	6,840	3,915	2,920	4.2	4.9	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	42,870	...	...	60.0	...	...
Couple-family households	35,850	...	...	50.2	...	...
With children⁶	16,480	...	...	23.1	...	...
Without children	19,375	...	...	27.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	7,015	...	...	9.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,335	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	270	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,945	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,020	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	22,040	...	...	30.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	133,180	65,015	68,165	96.9	96.7	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	52,000	39,200	44,800	52,000	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	133,270	65,075	68,195	97.0	96.8	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,000	35,600	40,400	46,000	35,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	118,900	59,215	59,685	86.5	88.1	85.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	48,000	31,800	39,200	48,000	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95,855	50,815	45,040	69.7	75.6	64.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	47,600	35,600	41,200	47,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120,200	57,605	62,595	87.5	85.7	89.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	8,000	10,600	9,400	8,000	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,560	6,325	7,230	9.9	9.4	10.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,760	5,720	5,760	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,880	14,810	17,075	23.2	22.0	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	133,190	64,935	68,255	96.9	96.6	97.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,450	64,400	46,960	55,450	64,400	46,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	133,285	65,000	68,285	97.0	96.7	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,440	52,650	40,480	46,440	52,650	40,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	118,860	59,130	59,730	86.5	88.0	85.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,120	61,050	41,280	51,120	61,050	41,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	95,855	50,590	45,270	69.7	75.3	64.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800	57,900	42,880	50,800	57,900	42,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	120,345	57,625	62,720	87.6	85.7	89.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,910	9,930	11,810	10,910	9,930	11,810
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,485	6,255	7,230	9.8	9.3	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,930	6,700	7,130	6,930	6,700	7,130
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,970	14,705	17,270	23.3	21.9	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,530	8,300	8,720	8,530	8,300	8,720
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	45,960	25,530	20,435	33.4	38.0	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	78,500	59,600	69,000	78,500	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,600	86,400	66,600	77,600	86,400	66,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	34,570	15,970	18,600	25.2	23.8	26.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	23,000	17,400	19,600	23,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,480	36,960	24,880	30,480	36,960	24,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	86.4	77.0	82.2	86.4	77.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	70.0	60.5	65.8	70.0	60.5
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.8	13.7	23.1	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.3	5.7	4.3	3.3	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.9	4.7	3.7	2.9	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,250	2,200	2,050	3.1	3.3	2.9
With total income	133,180	65,015	68,165	96.9	96.7	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,165	3,705	5,460	6.9	5.7	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	15,010	5,880	9,135	11.3	9.0	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	18,080	7,175	10,900	13.6	11.0	16.0
$30,000 to $39,999	16,120	6,690	9,435	12.1	10.3	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	15,605	7,645	7,960	11.7	11.8	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	13,260	6,220	7,040	10.0	9.6	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	10,445	5,250	5,195	7.8	8.1	7.6
$70,000 to $79,999	7,875	4,235	3,640	5.9	6.5	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	5,820	3,455	2,365	4.4	5.3	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	4,830	2,865	1,965	3.6	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	16,970	11,900	5,075	12.7	18.3	7.4
$100,000 to $149,999	12,690	8,530	4,160	9.5	13.1	6.1
$150,000 and over	4,280	3,370	910	3.2	5.2	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,160	2,145	2,020	3.0	3.2	2.9
With after-tax income	133,265	65,070	68,200	97.0	96.8	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,755	3,875	5,875	7.3	6.0	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	15,580	6,110	9,465	11.7	9.4	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	20,605	8,225	12,380	15.5	12.6	18.2
$30,000 to $39,999	19,675	8,725	10,955	14.8	13.4	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	18,300	8,980	9,320	13.7	13.8	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	14,260	7,060	7,200	10.7	10.8	10.6
$60,000 to $69,999	10,060	5,595	4,465	7.5	8.6	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	7,365	4,440	2,925	5.5	6.8	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	6,510	3,895	2,620	4.9	6.0	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,995	2,760	1,235	3.0	4.2	1.8
$100,000 and over	7,160	5,410	1,755	5.4	8.3	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	4,435	3,325	1,105	3.3	5.1	1.6
$125,000 and over	2,725	2,085	645	2.0	3.2	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	41,575	16,400	25,175	30.3	24.4	35.9
With employment income	95,855	50,815	45,040	69.7	75.6	64.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	14,610	8,460	6,150	15.2	16.6	13.7
$5,000 to $9,999	6,455	2,765	3,690	6.7	5.4	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	10,235	4,435	5,800	10.7	8.7	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	8,000	3,535	4,465	8.3	7.0	9.9
$30,000 to $39,999	7,835	3,520	4,315	8.2	6.9	9.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,025	3,605	4,415	8.4	7.1	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,715	3,540	4,180	8.0	7.0	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,385	3,260	3,125	6.7	6.4	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,080	2,895	2,185	5.3	5.7	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,025	2,490	1,535	4.2	4.9	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,990	2,425	1,560	4.2	4.8	3.5
$100,000 and over	13,505	9,895	3,610	14.1	19.5	8.0
$100,000 to $124,999	7,220	4,790	2,435	7.5	9.4	5.4
$125,000 and over	6,285	5,105	1,180	6.6	10.0	2.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	131,140	64,015	67,125	95.4	95.2	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,400	43,200	51,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	131,205	64,020	67,185	95.5	95.2	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,800	33,200	38,800	44,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	117,965	58,750	59,210	85.8	87.4	84.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,800	32,400	40,000	48,800	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,690	51,120	45,570	70.4	76.1	64.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	48,000	35,600	41,200	48,000	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	114,345	54,785	59,560	83.2	81.5	84.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,800	1,880	7,000	4,800	1,880	7,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,655	5,290	6,370	8.5	7.9	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,840	5,640	5,680	5,840	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	131,075	63,865	67,215	95.4	95.0	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,550	63,300	44,320	53,550	63,300	44,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	131,155	63,870	67,285	95.4	95.0	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,560	51,350	38,080	44,560	51,350	38,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	117,835	58,555	59,280	85.7	87.1	84.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	62,150	41,200	51,600	62,150	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,605	50,820	45,790	70.3	75.6	65.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,760	58,350	42,320	50,760	58,350	42,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	114,205	54,625	59,585	83.1	81.3	84.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,380	9,000	8,230	7,380	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,415	4,970	6,445	8.3	7.4	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	7,040	7,490	7,300	7,040	7,490
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	45,895	25,470	20,425	33.4	37.9	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	75,000	56,000	65,000	75,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,700	83,000	62,000	73,700	83,000	62,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,690	15,040	17,655	23.8	22.4	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	29,000	22,000	24,400	29,000	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,840	43,880	29,000	35,840	43,880	29,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	90.0	82.0	86.6	90.0	82.0
Employment income (%)	69.8	73.4	65.0	69.8	73.4	65.0
Government transfers (%)	13.4	10.0	18.0	13.4	10.0	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.2	0.9	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	71,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	22,040	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	49,435	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	71,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,600	...	...	86,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	22,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,960	...	...	50,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,360	...	...	43,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	49,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,700	...	...	126,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,900	...	...	105,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	510	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	370	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,070	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,510	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,515	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,535	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,350	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,530	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,765	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,640	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,475	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,055	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,635	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,195	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,745	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	29,555	...	...	41.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,190	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,305	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	8,025	...	...	11.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,035	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	570	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	390	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,085	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,560	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,655	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,005	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,735	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,015	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,255	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,115	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,385	...	...	8.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,780	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,290	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,770	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	4,350	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,510	...	...	32.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	8,585	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	6,025	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,905	...	...	12.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	47,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,685	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	128,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	28,880	14,070	14,805	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	42,000	36,400	38,800	42,000	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,600	33,600	35,600	37,600	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	47,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,500	...	...	127,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,200	...	...	106,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,200	...	...	93,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	166,600	...	...	166,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,800	...	...	136,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,800	...	...	69,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	28,760	14,090	14,670	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,800	50,920	44,800	47,800	50,920	44,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,960	42,840	39,160	40,960	42,840	39,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	163,030	80,405	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,760	15,865	14,890	18.9	19.7	18.0
0 to 5 years	9,335	4,725	4,605	5.7	5.9	5.6
18 to 64 years	100,625	49,980	50,650	61.7	62.2	61.3
65 years and over	31,645	14,560	17,085	19.4	18.1	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15,555	7,035	8,515	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,505	1,800	1,705	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,265	645	620	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,880	4,165	4,715	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,170	1,070	2,095	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.5	8.8	10.3	9.5	8.8	10.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.3	11.5	11.4	11.3	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.5	13.7	13.4	13.5	13.7	13.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8	8.3	9.3	8.8	8.3	9.3
65 years and over (%)	10.0	7.4	12.3	10.0	7.4	12.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	163,030	80,410	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	30,755	15,865	14,890	18.9	19.7	18.0
0 to 5 years	9,330	4,730	4,605	5.7	5.9	5.6
18 to 64 years	100,630	49,980	50,645	61.7	62.2	61.3
65 years and over	31,645	14,565	17,085	19.4	18.1	20.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,225	3,275	2,950	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	940	485	455	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	310	170	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,925	2,645	2,280	...	...	...
65 years and over	360	145	215	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.1	3.6	3.8	4.1	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.4	3.6	3.1	3.4	3.6	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.9	5.3	4.5	4.9	5.3	4.5
65 years and over (%)	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	163,030	80,405	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	73,220	34,660	38,565	44.9	43.1	46.7
In bottom decile	14,465	6,905	7,560	8.9	8.6	9.2
In second decile	14,145	6,175	7,970	8.7	7.7	9.6
In third decile	14,835	7,060	7,780	9.1	8.8	9.4
In fourth decile	14,745	7,120	7,630	9.0	8.9	9.2
In fifth decile	15,030	7,400	7,625	9.2	9.2	9.2
In top half of the distribution	89,810	45,750	44,060	55.1	56.9	53.3
In sixth decile	15,735	7,835	7,895	9.7	9.7	9.6
In seventh decile	17,380	8,805	8,575	10.7	11.0	10.4
In eighth decile	18,875	9,580	9,300	11.6	11.9	11.3
In ninth decile	20,510	10,595	9,915	12.6	13.2	12.0
In top decile	17,310	8,930	8,375	10.6	11.1	10.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	163,030	...	...	163,030	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.314	...	...	0.314	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.422	...	...	0.422	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	164,135	80,855	83,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	102,225	52,240	49,990	62.3	64.6	60.0
French only	1,460	640	825	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	60,035	27,820	32,210	36.6	34.4	38.7
Neither English nor French	410	165	250	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	164,135	80,855	83,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	125,690	62,840	62,845	76.6	77.7	75.5
French	36,980	17,350	19,630	22.5	21.5	23.6
English and French	1,095	520	570	0.7	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	380	140	235	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	164,135	80,855	83,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	156,935	77,385	79,550	95.6	95.7	95.5
Official languages	146,350	72,325	74,025	89.2	89.5	88.9
English	109,215	54,820	54,395	66.5	67.8	65.3
French	37,135	17,500	19,630	22.6	21.6	23.6
Non-official languages	10,590	5,065	5,525	6.5	6.3	6.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	105	40	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	95	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,435	5,005	5,435	6.4	6.2	6.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	230	185	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	405	225	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	395	220	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	275	95	175	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	65	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	385	225	160	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	265	155	110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,850	3,330	3,520	4.2	4.1	4.2
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,230	510	720	0.7	0.6	0.9
Baltic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,170	485	685	0.7	0.6	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	360	150	215	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	115	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	285	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	200	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	270	105	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	720	345	380	0.4	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	510	235	275	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	495	230	265	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,765	1,000	765	1.1	1.2	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,655	935	715	1.0	1.2	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	440	275	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	270	155	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	485	265	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	205	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,980	1,400	1,575	1.8	1.7	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,920	885	1,030	1.2	1.1	1.2
Portuguese	295	160	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	700	315	385	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	410	195	220	0.2	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	585	275	305	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	580	275	305	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	175	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,060	440	620	0.6	0.5	0.7
Estonian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	940	380	560	0.6	0.5	0.7
Hungarian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	7,195	3,470	3,725	4.4	4.3	4.5
English and French	5,405	2,565	2,840	3.3	3.2	3.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,490	755	730	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	164,135	80,855	83,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	124,155	62,435	61,725	75.6	77.2	74.1
French	13,080	6,065	7,015	8.0	7.5	8.4
Non-official language	2,120	975	1,145	1.3	1.2	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,100	965	1,135	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	17,025	7,575	9,450	10.4	9.4	11.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,735	3,315	3,420	4.1	4.1	4.1
French and non-official language(s)	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	670	320	355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	164,135	80,855	83,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	159,185	78,610	80,570	97.0	97.2	96.8
Official languages	154,945	76,530	78,415	94.4	94.7	94.2
English	137,475	68,540	68,935	83.8	84.8	82.8
French	17,465	7,985	9,485	10.6	9.9	11.4
Non-official languages	4,240	2,085	2,155	2.6	2.6	2.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,200	2,070	2,130	2.6	2.6	2.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	40	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	255	155	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	115	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,730	1,345	1,385	1.7	1.7	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	280	110	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	280	110	170	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,210	695	520	0.7	0.9	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,135	650	485	0.7	0.8	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	345	220	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	175	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	370	205	165	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,110	480	630	0.7	0.6	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	540	210	330	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	410	190	220	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	390	190	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	390	190	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,950	2,245	2,705	3.0	2.8	3.2
English and French	3,465	1,525	1,940	2.1	1.9	2.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,345	645	700	0.8	0.8	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	164,135	80,855	83,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	143,930	71,525	72,405	87.7	88.5	86.9
English	5,790	2,640	3,150	3.5	3.3	3.8
French	9,525	4,295	5,230	5.8	5.3	6.3
Non-official language	3,730	1,785	1,945	2.3	2.2	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	280	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,450	1,660	1,790	2.1	2.1	2.1
English and French	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	395	220	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	315	140	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	385	215	170	0.2	0.3	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	163,030	80,410	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	162,610	80,235	82,370	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	161,155	79,640	81,515	98.8	99.0	98.7
French	61,200	28,290	32,915	37.5	35.2	39.8
Non-official languages	16,055	7,870	8,185	9.8	9.8	9.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	665	310	350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	635	300	335	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	565	270	295	0.3	0.3	0.4
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	560	260	295	0.3	0.3	0.4
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	460	230	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,410	7,560	7,845	9.5	9.4	9.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	570	345	225	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	540	325	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	510	305	205	0.3	0.4	0.2
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	230	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	440	125	310	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	300	95	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	225	120	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	555	325	230	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	355	210	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,210	5,150	5,060	6.3	6.4	6.1
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,470	675	800	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,415	645	770	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	460	235	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	330	140	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	260	105	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	380	155	225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,235	560	675	0.8	0.7	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	835	375	460	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	835	375	460	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	300	140	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	65	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,390	1,515	880	1.5	1.9	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,230	1,410	820	1.4	1.8	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	655	445	210	0.4	0.6	0.3
Hindi	1,325	830	490	0.8	1.0	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	805	515	295	0.5	0.6	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	265	160	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	180	120	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	145	100	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	140	95	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,105	2,385	2,720	3.1	3.0	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,905	1,325	1,580	1.8	1.6	1.9
Portuguese	440	240	200	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,910	860	1,050	1.2	1.1	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,145	515	640	0.7	0.6	0.8
Akan (Twi)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	95	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	410	180	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	180	70	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	290	105	185	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	250	95	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	790	365	420	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	770	355	410	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	550	250	300	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,180	560	625	0.7	0.7	0.8
Estonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	1,080	500	580	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hungarian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	163,030	80,410	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	17,930	8,800	9,135	11.0	10.9	11.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	17,440	8,505	8,935	10.7	10.6	10.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,935	3,900	4,040	4.9	4.9	4.9
Métis	9,405	4,570	4,835	5.8	5.7	5.9
Inuk (Inuit)	100	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	170	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	185	125	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	145,095	71,610	73,490	89.0	89.1	88.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	163,030	80,410	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,875	2,915	2,960	3.6	3.6	3.6
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	157,155	77,490	79,665	96.4	96.4	96.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	46,075	...	...	64.5	...	...
Renter	25,400	...	...	35.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,370	...	...	1.9	...	...
Not condominium	70,105	...	...	98.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	360	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	9,050	...	...	12.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,270	...	...	24.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	26,755	...	...	37.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	18,040	...	...	25.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,580	...	...	26.0	...	...
5 rooms	10,840	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	10,725	...	...	15.0	...	...
7 rooms	10,045	...	...	14.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	21,295	...	...	29.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	70,845	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	630	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	69,470	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	2,005	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	21,385	...	...	29.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	26,485	...	...	37.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,115	...	...	11.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,800	...	...	9.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,915	...	...	2.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,760	...	...	3.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,390	...	...	3.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,635	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	66,525	...	...	93.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,950	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	38,110	...	...	53.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	31,135	...	...	43.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,230	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,740	...	...	3.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	9,865	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,370	...	...	15.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,860	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	14,705	...	...	20.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,600	...	...	16.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,765	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	2,590	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	71,155	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	58,895	...	...	82.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,260	...	...	17.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,395	...	...	16.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	71,475	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	17,565	...	...	24.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,890	...	...	15.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,550	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,515	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	180	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,160	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	53,910	...	...	75.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	70,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,715	...	...	8.1	...	...
Not in core need	64,580	...	...	91.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	46,010	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.0	...	...	59.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,362	...	...	1,362	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	379,600	...	...	379,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,400	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.6	...	...	17.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	31.5	...	...	31.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.9	...	...	17.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,037	...	...	1,037	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	163,030	80,410	82,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	7,100	3,550	3,550	4.4	4.4	4.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,910	3,455	3,450	4.2	4.3	4.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,375	2,150	2,220	2.7	2.7	2.7
Métis single ancestry	2,500	1,300	1,195	1.5	1.6	1.4
Inuit single ancestry	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	190	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	14,615	7,100	7,520	9.0	8.8	9.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	14,250	6,925	7,320	8.7	8.6	8.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,400	4,105	4,295	5.2	5.1	5.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,780	2,795	2,980	3.5	3.5	3.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	370	170	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	355	165	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	141,315	69,760	71,550	86.7	86.8	86.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	163,030	80,410	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	156,760	77,100	79,655	96.2	95.9	96.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	29,615	15,315	14,295	18.2	19.0	17.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	127,145	61,785	65,360	78.0	76.8	79.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,270	3,310	2,970	3.8	4.1	3.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	163,030	80,410	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	149,620	73,680	75,940	91.8	91.6	91.9
Immigrants⁸¹	9,850	4,695	5,155	6.0	5.8	6.2
Before 1980	4,220	1,920	2,300	2.6	2.4	2.8
1980 to 1990	720	330	390	0.4	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	865	420	440	0.5	0.5	0.5
2001 to 2010	1,300	675	620	0.8	0.8	0.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,745	1,350	1,400	1.7	1.7	1.7
2011 to 2015	1,115	525	585	0.7	0.7	0.7
2016 to 2021	1,635	825	810	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,555	2,030	1,530	2.2	2.5	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,850	4,700	5,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,360	705	650	13.8	15.0	12.6
5 to 14 years	2,020	865	1,150	20.5	18.4	22.3
15 to 24 years	2,480	1,220	1,260	25.2	26.0	24.4
25 to 44 years	3,615	1,695	1,915	36.7	36.1	37.1
45 years and over	385	210	175	3.9	4.5	3.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,850	4,700	5,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,295	590	705	13.1	12.6	13.7
Brazil	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
El Salvador	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Guyana	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Haiti	105	50	60	1.1	1.1	1.2
Jamaica	170	125	50	1.7	2.7	1.0
Mexico	45	15	25	0.5	0.3	0.5
Peru	45	10	35	0.5	0.2	0.7
Trinidad and Tobago	40	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
United States of America	510	205	305	5.2	4.4	5.9
Other places of birth in Americas	275	110	165	2.8	2.3	3.2
Europe	4,635	2,205	2,430	47.1	46.9	47.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	85	50	35	0.9	1.1	0.7
Croatia	105	50	55	1.1	1.1	1.1
France	70	40	30	0.7	0.9	0.6
Germany	440	205	235	4.5	4.4	4.6
Greece	105	50	60	1.1	1.1	1.2
Hungary	55	30	20	0.6	0.6	0.4
Italy	1,210	580	635	12.3	12.3	12.3
Netherlands	95	40	55	1.0	0.9	1.1
Poland	245	105	140	2.5	2.2	2.7
Portugal	135	80	60	1.4	1.7	1.2
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.5	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,020	480	535	10.4	10.2	10.4
Other places of birth in Europe	960	460	505	9.7	9.8	9.8
Africa	1,350	655	700	13.7	13.9	13.6
Algeria	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85	40	40	0.9	0.9	0.8
Egypt	35	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	165	65	100	1.7	1.4	1.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	130	50	75	1.3	1.1	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	895	445	455	9.1	9.5	8.8
Asia	2,480	1,185	1,290	25.2	25.2	25.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	90	65	25	0.9	1.4	0.5
Iraq	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	45	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	60	45	20	0.6	1.0	0.4
Turkey	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
China⁹⁰	345	145	195	3.5	3.1	3.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	15	35	0.6	0.3	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	65	35	30	0.7	0.7	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	285	80	210	2.9	1.7	4.1
Viet Nam	135	70	60	1.4	1.5	1.2
Bangladesh	50	30	20	0.5	0.6	0.4
India	770	415	350	7.8	8.8	6.8
Pakistan	195	125	70	2.0	2.7	1.4
Sri Lanka	60	20	40	0.6	0.4	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	305	110	195	3.1	2.3	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	70	25	1.0	1.5	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,635	825	815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	270	150	125	16.5	18.2	15.3
Brazil	25	15	10	1.5	1.8	1.2
Colombia	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	20	0	1.5	2.4	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	80	55	20	4.9	6.7	2.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	120	40	80	7.3	4.8	9.8
Europe	75	45	30	4.6	5.5	3.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20	15	0	1.2	1.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	35	20	10	2.1	2.4	1.2
Africa	605	265	340	37.0	32.1	41.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	30	20	10	1.8	2.4	1.2
Cameroon	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.2
Côte d'Ivoire	215	95	120	13.1	11.5	14.7
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	115	40	75	7.0	4.8	9.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	30	3.1	1.8	3.7
Sudan⁹⁷	40	20	20	2.4	2.4	2.5
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	55	55	7.0	6.7	6.7
Asia	660	340	320	40.4	41.2	39.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	15	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	30	50	4.6	3.6	6.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	320	180	145	19.6	21.8	17.8
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	30	15	2.4	3.6	1.8
Philippines	100	30	75	6.1	3.6	9.2
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	10	2.1	3.0	1.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	25	25	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	15	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	163,030	80,410	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,085	7,040	7,045	8.6	8.8	8.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	16,430	8,140	8,290	10.1	10.1	10.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	132,510	65,225	67,285	81.3	81.1	81.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,630	2,780	2,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,985	1,545	1,450	53.0	55.6	50.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,280	855	425	22.7	30.8	14.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,705	685	1,025	30.3	24.6	36.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,780	815	965	31.6	29.3	33.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	730	360	375	13.0	12.9	13.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	125	65	65	2.2	2.3	2.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,630	2,780	2,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	400	210	185	7.1	7.6	6.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	680	345	340	12.1	12.4	11.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	200	125	75	3.6	4.5	2.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	580	335	245	10.3	12.1	8.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	25	65	1.7	0.9	2.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,680	1,745	1,935	65.4	62.8	67.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	163,030	80,410	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,825	5,605	5,220	6.6	7.0	6.3
South Asian	3,105	1,910	1,195	1.9	2.4	1.4
Chinese	985	465	525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	4,030	1,970	2,065	2.5	2.4	2.5
Filipino	440	155	285	0.3	0.2	0.3
Arab	340	200	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	705	335	365	0.4	0.4	0.4
Southeast Asian	400	175	220	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	152,205	74,800	77,405	93.4	93.0	93.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	163,030	80,405	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	27,965	13,865	14,095	17.2	17.2	17.1
English	26,810	13,395	13,410	16.4	16.7	16.2
Irish	29,975	14,335	15,640	18.4	17.8	18.9
Scottish	25,165	12,310	12,855	15.4	15.3	15.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	45,600	22,040	23,555	28.0	27.4	28.5
German	12,265	5,930	6,330	7.5	7.4	7.7
Chinese	1,135	545	590	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italian	12,825	6,430	6,395	7.9	8.0	7.7
Indian (India)	1,935	1,205	730	1.2	1.5	0.9
Ukrainian	7,455	3,580	3,875	4.6	4.5	4.7
Dutch	3,470	1,685	1,780	2.1	2.1	2.2
Polish	5,320	2,620	2,700	3.3	3.3	3.3
Québécois	1,240	605	640	0.8	0.8	0.8
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,750	1,910	1,835	2.3	2.4	2.2
Filipino	465	165	300	0.3	0.2	0.4
French Canadian	11,925	5,530	6,390	7.3	6.9	7.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,450	2,705	2,745	3.3	3.4	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,755	2,755	3,000	3.5	3.4	3.6
Métis	8,810	4,350	4,460	5.4	5.4	5.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,135	1,035	1,105	1.3	1.3	1.3
Russian	1,005	510	495	0.6	0.6	0.6
Norwegian	1,110	545	560	0.7	0.7	0.7
Welsh	2,090	990	1,095	1.3	1.2	1.3
Portuguese	805	420	385	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	1,230	625	610	0.8	0.8	0.7
Spanish	795	285	510	0.5	0.4	0.6
Swedish	1,580	780	800	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hungarian	895	420	470	0.5	0.5	0.6
Acadian	1,075	520	550	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pakistani	265	165	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	910	430	485	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jewish	290	155	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	225	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	210	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	205	145	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	495	230	260	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	605	370	235	0.4	0.5	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	220	120	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	640	300	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Korean	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	315	165	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanese	310	155	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	155	105	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	595	270	325	0.4	0.3	0.4
Danish	515	235	280	0.3	0.3	0.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,125	1,145	985	1.3	1.4	1.2
Sikh	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	785	350	440	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belgian	565	230	335	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	115	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindu	310	185	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	225	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	330	150	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Finnish	7,800	3,760	4,035	4.8	4.7	4.9
Sri Lankan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	1,015	500	515	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	105	40	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	440	210	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	225	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	220	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	485	255	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	80	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	180	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	250	140	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	1,980	1,005	975	1.2	1.2	1.2
Newfoundlander	480	235	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	1,685	800	885	1.0	1.0	1.1
Persian	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	35	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	70	55	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algerian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	80	45	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nigerian	340	145	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	320	150	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	75	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	1,215	545	660	0.7	0.7	0.8
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	355	150	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	120	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	335	165	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	95	40	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	210	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	310	160	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	205	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	80	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	220	125	95	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	175	130	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	125	40	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	95	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	1,660	735	925	1.0	0.9	1.1
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	190	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	45	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	150	100	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	240	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealander	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	175	65	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	475	210	270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burundian	125	40	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	163,030	80,410	82,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	310	135	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	103,785	48,895	54,895	63.7	60.8	66.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,375	2,980	3,390	3.9	3.7	4.1
Anabaptist	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	4,585	2,095	2,490	2.8	2.6	3.0
Baptist	1,510	700	810	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catholic	76,250	36,230	40,025	46.8	45.1	48.4
Christian Orthodox	760	355	405	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	670	320	355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	2,070	970	1,100	1.3	1.2	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,760	715	1,045	1.1	0.9	1.3
Presbyterian	905	460	445	0.6	0.6	0.5
Reformed	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	5,850	2,590	3,260	3.6	3.2	3.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,660	1,310	1,350	1.6	1.6	1.6
Hindu	1,325	845	485	0.8	1.1	0.6
Jewish	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,545	840	705	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sikh	540	320	215	0.3	0.4	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	355	130	225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	925	400	520	0.6	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	54,065	28,750	25,315	33.2	35.8	30.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	161,610	79,640	81,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	144,655	71,395	73,265	89.5	89.6	89.4
Movers	16,955	8,250	8,710	10.5	10.4	10.6
Non-migrants	12,435	5,950	6,480	7.7	7.5	7.9
Migrants	4,520	2,295	2,225	2.8	2.9	2.7
Internal migrants	3,970	1,995	1,970	2.5	2.5	2.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,385	1,700	1,685	2.1	2.1	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	585	300	290	0.4	0.4	0.4
External migrants	550	295	250	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	155,575	76,695	78,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	100,285	49,585	50,700	64.5	64.7	64.3
Movers	55,290	27,105	28,185	35.5	35.3	35.7
Non-migrants	36,600	17,735	18,870	23.5	23.1	23.9
Migrants	18,690	9,375	9,315	12.0	12.2	11.8
Internal migrants	14,220	6,935	7,285	9.1	9.0	9.2
Intraprovincial migrants	12,070	5,765	6,310	7.8	7.5	8.0
Interprovincial migrants	2,150	1,175	975	1.4	1.5	1.2
External migrants	4,470	2,440	2,035	2.9	3.2	2.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	26,700	14,010	12,690	19.4	20.8	18.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	110,730	53,205	57,525	80.6	79.2	81.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,670	42,800	43,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,105	5,305	3,800	10.5	12.4	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,570	37,495	40,070	89.5	87.6	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	23,565	12,070	11,500	17.1	18.0	16.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,820	18,185	18,635	26.8	27.1	26.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	77,045	36,965	40,080	56.1	55.0	57.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	50,475	25,665	24,820	36.7	38.2	35.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,775	7,395	2,370	7.1	11.0	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,855	3,265	1,590	3.5	4.9	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,915	4,135	780	3.6	6.2	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	38,855	17,525	21,330	28.3	26.1	30.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,855	740	1,115	1.3	1.1	1.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,565	11,300	15,260	19.3	16.8	21.7
Bachelor's degree	18,935	7,845	11,090	13.8	11.7	15.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,745	645	1,100	1.3	1.0	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640	355	285	0.5	0.5	0.4
Master's degree	4,335	1,885	2,455	3.2	2.8	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	905	575	330	0.7	0.9	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	86,670	42,800	43,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,530	4,385	3,150	8.7	10.2	7.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,975	11,165	9,815	24.2	26.1	22.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,160	27,250	30,910	67.1	63.7	70.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,795	18,940	18,855	43.6	44.3	43.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,255	4,740	1,520	7.2	11.1	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,150	2,170	980	3.6	5.1	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,105	2,565	540	3.6	6.0	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30,430	13,750	16,685	35.1	32.1	38.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,105	450	655	1.3	1.1	1.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,370	8,315	12,055	23.5	19.4	27.5
Bachelor's degree	14,260	5,760	8,500	16.5	13.5	19.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,350	460	885	1.6	1.1	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	500	240	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	3,605	1,460	2,145	4.2	3.4	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	655	390	260	0.8	0.9	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	60,390	30,250	30,135	43.9	45.0	42.9
Education	4,175	880	3,295	3.0	1.3	4.7
13. Education	4,175	880	3,295	3.0	1.3	4.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,610	830	780	1.2	1.2	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	280	205	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,330	620	710	1.0	0.9	1.0
Humanities	2,890	1,070	1,820	2.1	1.6	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	290	45	240	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	505	155	350	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	740	215	520	0.5	0.3	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	340	140	205	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	505	310	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	180	25	155	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,830	2,660	6,170	6.4	4.0	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	30	145	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	930	320	610	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,240	225	2,015	1.6	0.3	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,610	620	990	1.2	0.9	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	245	50	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,470	355	1,120	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,165	1,070	1,095	1.6	1.6	1.6
Business, management and public administration	13,410	4,320	9,085	9.8	6.4	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,405	390	2,010	1.7	0.6	2.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,995	3,925	7,065	8.0	5.8	10.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,250	1,745	1,500	2.4	2.6	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,200	500	705	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,380	965	410	1.0	1.4	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	255	95	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,120	1,370	750	1.5	2.0	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,625	1,135	485	1.2	1.7	0.7
25. Library science	185	40	150	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	235	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	20,225	18,570	1,660	14.7	27.6	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	320	200	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,675	2,170	505	1.9	3.2	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	6,215	5,560	655	4.5	8.3	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,250	3,145	105	2.4	4.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	5,460	5,280	185	4.0	7.9	0.3
48. Precision production	2,315	2,220	95	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,365	720	645	1.0	1.1	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	565	190	375	0.4	0.3	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	795	525	275	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	14,080	2,290	11,795	10.2	3.4	16.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,160	460	695	0.8	0.7	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	12,685	1,705	10,975	9.2	2.5	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,060	2,510	2,550	3.7	3.7	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,370	510	1,860	1.7	0.8	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,670	1,070	610	1.2	1.6	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,015	930	85	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	86,670	42,800	43,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,510	15,550	12,960	32.9	36.3	29.5
Education	2,755	555	2,195	3.2	1.3	5.0
13. Education	2,755	555	2,195	3.2	1.3	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,195	615	580	1.4	1.4	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	155	45	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	995	460	535	1.1	1.1	1.2
Humanities	1,905	690	1,220	2.2	1.6	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	190	20	170	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	320	100	220	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	505	135	375	0.6	0.3	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	90	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	375	205	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,060	1,975	5,080	8.1	4.6	11.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	25	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	835	275	555	1.0	0.6	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,840	155	1,680	2.1	0.4	3.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,320	485	840	1.5	1.1	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	215	35	175	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	1,100	245	855	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,625	755	865	1.9	1.8	2.0
Business, management and public administration	10,315	3,175	7,145	11.9	7.4	16.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,015	310	1,710	2.3	0.7	3.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,290	2,860	5,430	9.6	6.7	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,415	1,235	1,185	2.8	2.9	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	930	360	565	1.1	0.8	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,010	680	330	1.2	1.6	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	165	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,635	1,110	525	1.9	2.6	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,325	960	360	1.5	2.2	0.8
25. Library science	110	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	14,900	13,535	1,365	17.2	31.6	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	240	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,090	1,645	445	2.4	3.8	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,685	4,170	520	5.4	9.7	1.2
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,210	2,125	80	2.5	5.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,000	3,860	140	4.6	9.0	0.3
48. Precision production	1,670	1,590	70	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,085	550	535	1.3	1.3	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	455	140	310	0.5	0.3	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	630	400	230	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	10,820	1,815	9,005	12.5	4.2	20.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	855	370	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,755	1,360	8,390	11.3	3.2	19.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,055	2,005	2,055	4.7	4.7	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,875	400	1,480	2.2	0.9	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,385	880	510	1.6	2.1	1.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	790	730	65	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	86,670	42,800	43,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	28,510	15,550	12,960	32.9	36.3	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	58,160	27,250	30,910	67.1	63.7	70.5
Location of study inside Canada	54,745	25,580	29,165	63.2	59.8	66.5
Same as province or territory of residence	52,475	24,500	27,970	60.5	57.2	63.7
Different than province or territory of residence	2,270	1,080	1,195	2.6	2.5	2.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,415	1,675	1,745	3.9	3.9	4.0
Americas	950	445	500	1.1	1.0	1.1
United States of America	610	320	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mexico	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	145	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Europe	520	285	235	0.6	0.7	0.5
Belgium	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	240	140	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	625	305	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	255	105	155	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	255	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	1,155	545	615	1.3	1.3	1.4
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Philippines	130	25	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Viet Nam	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	635	330	300	0.7	0.8	0.7
Pakistan	70	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	137,430	67,215	70,215	...	...	...
In the labour force	84,005	43,590	40,415	...	...	...
Employed	75,300	39,320	35,985	...	...	...
Unemployed	8,700	4,270	4,430	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	53,425	23,630	29,805	...	...	...
Participation rate	61.1	64.9	57.6	61.1	64.9	57.6
Employment rate	54.8	58.5	51.2	54.8	58.5	51.2
Unemployment rate	10.4	9.8	11.0	10.4	9.8	11.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	137,430	67,215	70,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	53,810	23,925	29,885	39.2	35.6	42.6
Worked	83,615	43,285	40,330	60.8	64.4	57.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	47,140	26,205	20,935	34.3	39.0	29.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	36,480	17,085	19,395	26.5	25.4	27.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.8	41.3	42.0	42.8	41.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	84,000	43,585	40,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,895	1,040	855	2.3	2.4	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	82,110	42,545	39,560	97.8	97.6	97.9
Employee	74,920	38,320	36,600	89.2	87.9	90.6
Permanent position	62,975	32,755	30,220	75.0	75.2	74.8
Temporary position	11,945	5,560	6,385	14.2	12.8	15.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,655	1,640	2,020	4.4	3.8	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	8,295	3,925	4,370	9.9	9.0	10.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	7,185	4,230	2,955	8.6	9.7	7.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	84,000	43,585	40,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,895	1,040	855	2.3	2.4	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	82,110	42,545	39,560	97.8	97.6	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	685	425	260	0.8	1.0	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,465	4,295	10,170	17.2	9.9	25.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,805	4,465	1,335	6.9	10.2	3.3
3 Health occupations	8,235	1,445	6,790	9.8	3.3	16.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,220	2,870	7,355	12.2	6.6	18.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,435	605	830	1.7	1.4	2.1
6 Sales and service occupations	20,115	9,090	11,020	23.9	20.9	27.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15,320	14,155	1,170	18.2	32.5	2.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,130	3,745	380	4.9	8.6	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,700	1,445	255	2.0	3.3	0.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	84,000	43,585	40,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,895	1,040	855	2.3	2.4	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	82,110	42,545	39,560	97.8	97.6	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	370	235	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	7,620	6,720	905	9.1	15.4	2.2
22 Utilities	550	425	125	0.7	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	6,465	5,650	815	7.7	13.0	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	3,380	2,810	575	4.0	6.4	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	2,380	1,860	525	2.8	4.3	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	10,015	4,910	5,105	11.9	11.3	12.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,405	2,710	700	4.1	6.2	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	995	550	445	1.2	1.3	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	2,060	775	1,285	2.5	1.8	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,200	680	525	1.4	1.6	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,220	2,405	1,815	5.0	5.5	4.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,305	1,855	1,455	3.9	4.3	3.6
61 Educational services	6,780	1,920	4,865	8.1	4.4	12.0
62 Health care and social assistance	13,060	2,150	10,910	15.5	4.9	27.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,000	450	545	1.2	1.0	1.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,415	1,815	2,595	5.3	4.2	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,210	1,690	1,520	3.8	3.9	3.8
91 Public administration	7,545	2,885	4,660	9.0	6.6	11.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	89,690	46,230	43,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	73,440	40,080	33,365	81.9	86.7	76.8
French	2,675	735	1,940	3.0	1.6	4.5
Non-official language	80	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	80	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	12,875	5,070	7,805	14.4	11.0	18.0
English and non-official language(s)	480	250	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	89,690	46,230	43,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	87,915	45,650	42,265	98.0	98.7	97.3
Official languages	87,790	45,580	42,210	97.9	98.6	97.1
English	83,690	44,375	39,315	93.3	96.0	90.5
French	4,100	1,205	2,890	4.6	2.6	6.7
Non-official languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,780	585	1,195	2.0	1.3	2.7
English and French	1,710	565	1,145	1.9	1.2	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	89,690	46,230	43,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,955	41,440	36,515	86.9	89.6	84.0
English	1,455	485	970	1.6	1.0	2.2
French	9,770	4,045	5,730	10.9	8.7	13.2
Non-official language	395	220	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	330	205	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	75,300	39,320	35,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,395	5,595	8,795	19.1	14.2	24.4
Worked outside Canada	65	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	9,690	7,420	2,270	12.9	18.9	6.3
Usual place of work	51,155	26,250	24,905	67.9	66.8	69.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	51,155	26,250	24,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	49,480	25,135	24,345	96.7	95.8	97.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,510	985	525	3.0	3.8	2.1
Commute to a different province or territory	160	125	35	0.3	0.5	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	60,840	33,665	27,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	54,715	30,755	23,960	89.9	91.4	88.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	50,895	29,085	21,810	83.7	86.4	80.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,820	1,670	2,150	6.3	5.0	7.9
Public transit	2,515	1,110	1,405	4.1	3.3	5.2
Walked	2,075	955	1,120	3.4	2.8	4.1
Bicycle	245	195	50	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	1,290	645	645	2.1	1.9	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	60,840	33,665	27,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,855	10,780	11,075	35.9	32.0	40.8
15 to 29 minutes	24,710	13,525	11,185	40.6	40.2	41.2
30 to 44 minutes	9,165	5,715	3,445	15.1	17.0	12.7
45 to 59 minutes	2,770	1,960	805	4.6	5.8	3.0
60 minutes and over	2,345	1,675	665	3.9	5.0	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	60,840	33,665	27,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,535	4,525	1,005	9.1	13.4	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	12,370	7,970	4,400	20.3	23.7	16.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	16,440	8,285	8,160	27.0	24.6	30.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,010	4,460	6,555	18.1	13.2	24.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,080	2,275	2,805	8.3	6.8	10.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	10,405	6,145	4,260	17.1	18.3	15.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	31,400	16,200	15,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,390	7,365	7,020	45.8	45.5	46.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,010	8,835	8,175	54.2	54.5	53.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	23,260	12,035	11,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,770	5,505	5,265	46.3	45.7	46.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,570	3,835	3,730	32.5	31.9	33.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	3,200	1,670	1,535	13.8	13.9	13.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,485	6,525	5,965	53.7	54.2	53.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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